There is no doubt that assessment plays an important role in teaching and learning. Teachers can collect data to better understand students’ mastery level of certain knowledge and skills, which promotes modifications, including, but not limited to, learning objectives, learning content, and pedagogy. Generally speaking, assessments are categorized into formative assessment and summative assessment. Summative assessment means to evaluate students’ performance and learning outcomes at the end of a course unit. Formative assessment aims at identifying students’ area of struggles and strengths to help instructors provide ongoing feedback to improve students’ learning experience. In traditional formative assessments, teachers use pre-tests and post-tests to make a decision about what learning materials and content need to be taught. The goal of assessment is to measure students’ ability on a task. Nevertheless, only a few assessments results are used to improve learning. Accor...
What's that? Design thinking is human centered design, referring to a "context driven, problem-solving process that emphasizes creative ideation, learning from failure, prototyping and design for real world" (Buckley). It is a process for problem-solving with an optimistic mindset. Why? Different from analytical thinking, design thinking is more "emotional". There are five main steps in design thinking methodology: empathy, define, ideate, prototype, test. It starts from empathy so designers should have empathy with the user's perspectives to solve users' needs. Before moving to design stage, define the problem precisely is very important. Otherwise, we may stray from the right path. Remember to keep an optimistic mindset, and brainstorm as many ideas as we can to open up imagination. Make it! Test the prototype with users. Don't be afraid of failure. Learning from failure. Journey Map? I n order to get more in-depth ...